ATM communication apparatus and bandwidth control method of the same

ABSTRACT

An ATM communication apparatus and a bandwidth control method guarantee the minimum cell rate and limit the upper-limit for each of subscriber terminals, dynamically and fairly distribute the shared bandwidth based on the register status, and are easily applied to the system this is already operating the actual service. A traffic supervisory unit supervises traffic situations of upstream ATM cells, and a bandwidth controller controls an access bandwidth of each of the optical network units  3 - 1  to  3 - n  based on receiving of effective ATM cells transmitted by a plurality of the optical network units  3 - 1  to  3 - n  that the traffic supervisory unit detects. A control table of permission transmits an upstream cell for maintaining the access bandwidth judged by the bandwidth controller. A generator of permission to transmit an upstream cell for generating permission to transmit an upstream cell according to the access bandwidth judged by the bandwidth controller.

The present application is a continuation of application Ser. No.09/774,715, filed Feb. 1, 2001, the contents of which are incorporatedherein by reference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to an ATM communication apparatus and abandwidth control method thereof. More particularly, the presentinvention relates to an ATM communication apparatus and a bandwidthscontrol method thereof that, in a point/multi-point transmission system,can communicate effectively by dynamically altering bandwidth assignmentamong optical network units according to upstream traffic situation inan optical line interface in the case where burst signals sent bysubscriber terminals connected to the optical network units respectivelyhave originated in a Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) controltechnique in which a plurality of the optical network units sends ATMcells according to permission to transmit an upstream cell issued by theoptical line interface, the ATM communication apparatus and thebandwidth control method thereof are preferable for application to thepoint/multipoint transmission system in which the optical line interfaceprovides the subscriber terminals with a plurality of quality of servicesuch as a constant bit rate service, a best effort service or the like.Note that the present invention is not limited to the TDMA technique butcan be also applied to the other appropriate multiplex techniques.

As a prior art of the TDMA control method that performs bandwidthassignment, for example, a technology is known that is described inJapanese Patent Laid-Open No. Hei 11(1999)-341037 gazette or the like.This technology is the point/multi-point transmission system in whichthe optical line interlace and a plurality of the opposing opticalnetwork units are connected via a splitter and each of the opticalnetwork units transmits cells respectively with the time divisionmultiple access control of the optical line interface.

This dynamical bandwidth sharing technique is characterized as describedbelow.

(1) In each of the optical network units, the stored cell quantity ofthe sending cell buffers and the transmission permit signals of each ofthe optical network units are transmitted respectively.

(2) The optical line interface periodically supervises the storedquantity of the sending cell buffers and the transmission permit signalsof each of the optical network units respectively.

(3) The optical line interface distributes unused transmission domainswithin transmission frames in accordance with the stored quantity of thesending cell buffers based on the stored quantity of the sending cellbuffers and the transmission permit signals notified by each of theoptical network units respectively in addition to transmission capacityassigned to the optical network units that require more transmissioncapacity.

In earlier technology, the above-described dynamical bandwidth sharingcontrol technique allows the service classes with a high burst such as apersonal computer communication or the like to use transmission capacityeffectively.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In the foregoing TDMA control technique (the bandwidth controltechnique) according to the earlier technology, the following problemsto be solved are further cited.

(1) With Regard to a Distribution Theory 1: the Necessity of a MinimumCell Rate

In the earlier technology, a distribution ratio is decided only by cellbuffer situation of the optical network units. This, for example, leadsto biasedly assigning many bandwidths to the optical network units thatdemand extremely many transmission requests and is thus the technologyin which the bandwidth is not guaranteed depending upon usage situationof other optical network units. When an actual service operation istaken into consideration, each of the optical network units does notalways provide only the best effort services such as a personal computerdata communication or the like. In the case where a plurality of thesubscriber terminals are connected to the optical network units and, forexample, a plurality of the classified quality services are providedsimultaneously such as a constant bit rate services e.g. a leased lineor the like, the relatively high-priority best effort service thattransmits voice/image in real time and with high quality and therelatively low-priority best effort service e.g. a personal computerdata communication or the like, the minimum cell rate for a constant bitrate service needs to be guaranteed to each of the optical network unitsrespectively. Additionally, in the best effort services, there existswhat is called a minimum-cell-rate-guaranteed type of the best effortservice in which the minimum cell rate needs to be guaranteed. Theminimum cell rate for it needs to be guaranteed as well.

(2) With Regard to a Distribution Theory 2: the Necessity of a Peak CellRate and a Fair Distribution Theory

Furthermore, since in the technique of the earlier technology, adistribution ratio is decided only by cell buffer situation, thus it isthe technique that does not take any contract of the optical networkunits into consideration. In the case where the best effort service isoffered, it is necessary to decide the charges at the time when thecontracts are made with users. However, in the case of the technologythat can freely use the usable free domain bandwidths like the priorart, it becomes difficult to curb a tariff inexpensively, which iscontrary to bandwidth efficiency, because differentiation is impossibleamong the users. Accordingly, the ATM communication apparatus and thebandwidth control method thereof are required that can register theusable peak cell rate that can be used at its maximum as a trafficparameter and furthermore comprises a fair distribution theory byweighting in consideration of the contracted quantity with the users.

(3) With Regard to a Shared Bandwidth:

The shared bandwidth distributed in the earlier technology becomes anentire transmission domain within the transmission frame at its maximum.In the case of offering the best effort services with differentqualities to every optical network unit, even if there is a qualitydifference among the best effort services, it is impossible todifferentially distribute each of qualities. Accordingly, the ATMcommunication apparatus and the bandwidth control method thereof arerequired that comprises the distribution theory of the shared bandwidththat allows bandwidth sharing to be performed among the specific opticalnetwork units.

(4) Convenience in Introducing the Technology:

In the foregoing earlier technology, it is preconditioned that each ofthe optical network units comprises a function of transmitting the cellstored quantity of the sending cell buffers and the transmission permitsignals of the optical network units respectively. In the case ofapplying of this prior art to the system that is operating the actualservice already, not only the optical line interface that exists in thestation office but also the optical network units, which are morenumerous than the optical line interface because they are n-multipointand besides possibly installed in the users' houses and in buildings,need to be updated. Therefore, the ATM communication apparatus and thebandwidth control method thereof are required that can materialize thebandwidth sharing only by updating the optical line interface.

The object of the present invention, in order to solve the foregoingproblems, is to provide the ATM communication apparatus and thebandwidth control method thereof that comprise the distribution theoryof guaranteeing the minimum cell rate for each of the subscriberterminals respectively, allowing the bandwidth control that limits anupper-limit bandwidth, dynamically and fairly distributing the sharedbandwidth based on the register status, and performing the bandwidthsharing among the specific optical network units, and that can be easilyapplied to the system that is operating the actual service already.

In accordance with a first solving means, the present invention providesan ATM communication apparatus comprising:

a traffic supervisory unit for supervising traffic situation of upstreamATM cells sent from a plurality of the optical network units, thetraffic supervisory unit having a supervisory unit of a receivingbandwidth for detecting the receiving bandwidth of ATM cells transmittedby optical network units and a supervisory unit of cell overflowsituation for detecting a sending buffer in the optical network units;

a bandwidth controller having a basic bandwidth assigner for assigningthe basic bandwidth, a shared bandwidth assigner for assigning a sharedbandwidth based on an upper-limit bandwidth and a receiving bandwidthand cell overflow situation that were supplied from the trafficsupervisory unit and the shared bandwidth memory for maintaining theassigned shared bandwidth; and

a generator of permission to transmit an upstream cell for generatingpermission to transmit an upstream cell to the optical network unitsaccording to the shared bandwidth assigned by the bandwidth controller.

Furthermore, in accordance with a second solving means, the presentinvention provides a bandwidth control method that issues permission totransmit an upstream cell to a plurality of optical network units,comprising:

supervising traffic situation of an upstream ATM cells sent from aplurality of the optical network units;

detecting receiving bandwidth status and overflow situation of the ATMcells, which were transmitted from a plurality of the optical networkunits;

judging an access bandwidth of each of the optical network unitsaccording to the receiving bandwidth status and the cell overflowsituation, which were detected, and a basic bandwidth and anupper-limited bandwidth;

guaranteeing the basic bandwidth determined for each of the opticalnetwork units;

distributing the shared bandwidth in the range of the upper-limitbandwidth where bandwidth distribution is judged to be necessary for theoptical network units that are in the overflow situation or for theoptical network units to which a shared bandwidth is set beyond thebasic bandwidth based on the detected receiving bandwidth and the celloverflow situation.

The present invention provides the TDMA control technique (the ATMcommunication apparatus and the bandwidth control method thereof) thatconsists of: an optical line interface that issues instruction forpermission to transmit an upstream cell to a plurality of opticalnetwork units according to upstream transmission bandwidths set by eachof the optical network units respectively that the supervisorycontroller determined; a plurality of the optical network units thatsend the ATM cells according to the permission to transmit an upstreamcell issued by the optical line interface; a plurality of the subscriberterminals connected to a plurality of the optical network unitsrespectively; and a supervisory controller that registers each of thetransmission bandwidths of a plurality of the optical network units forthe optical line interface, the optical line interface and a pluralityof the opposing optical network units being connected via a splitter,

the optical line interface comprising: an access line interface unitthat receives the ATM cells sent from a plurality of the optical networkunits and multiplexed in the splitter; and a network interface unit thattransmits the received ATM cells to the network,

the access line interface unit comprising: a transmission signalterminal that receives the ATM cells sent from a plurality of theoptical network units; and a TDMA controller that issues the permissionto transmit an upstream cell according to the transmission bandwidth toeach of the optical network units that were set in the supervisorycontroller,

the TDMA controller being applied to the point/multi-point transmissionsystem, which is constituted of: a traffic supervisory unit forsupervising traffic situation of the upstream ATM cells sent from aplurality of the optical network units; a bandwidth controller forjudging the access bandwidth of each of the optical network unitsrespectively based on the receiving bandwidth status and the celloverflow situation of the effective ATM cells transmitted by a pluralityof the optical network unit that the traffic supervisory unit detectedand furthermore according to the basic bandwidth and the upper-limitbandwidth set by the supervisory controller; a control table forpermission to transmit an upstream cell for maintaining the accessbandwidth judged by the bandwidth controller; a generator of permissionto transmit an upstream cell for generating permission to transmit anupstream cell according to the access bandwidth judged by the bandwidthcontroller; and a supervisory periodical timing generator for generatinga timing at which judgment processing on the bandwidth is made in thebandwidth controller according to the predetermined supervisory period,

the traffic supervisory unit consisting of: a supervisory unit of areceiving bandwidth for detecting the receiving bandwidth of theeffective ATM cells transmitted by the optical network units; and asupervisory unit of cell overflow situation for detecting cell overflowsituation of the sending buffer in the optical network units,

the bandwidth controller comprising: a basic bandwidth assigner forassigning the basic bandwidth set from the supervisory controller; abasic bandwidth memory for maintaining the basic bandwidth set from thesupervisory controller; an upper-limit bandwidth memory for maintainingthe upper-limit bandwidth set from the supervisory controller; a sharedbandwidth assigner for assigning the shared bandwidth based on theupper-limit bandwidth set from the supervisory controller and thereceiving bandwidth and the cell overflow situation sent by the trafficsupervisory unit; and a shared bandwidth memory for maintaining theassigned shared bandwidth.

In addition, in the present invention, the shared bandwidth assignercomprises: a bandwidth fair distributor for assigning the sharedbandwidth based on the receiving bandwidth and the cell overflowsituation sent by the traffic supervisory unit; and an upper-limitbandwidth limiter for limiting the upper-limit bandwidth based on theupper-limit bandwidth set from the supervisory controller.

Furthermore, the present invention comprises a plurality of sub-sharedbandwidth memories divided further in the shared bandwidth memory, andthe shared bandwidth assigner comprises a shared bandwidth selector forselecting any one of a plurality of the sub-shared bandwidths memoriesfor each of the optical network units respectively.

In addition, as means for a detecting cell overflow situation in thesupervisory unit of cell overflow situation, the present invention cancomprise means for detecting cell overflow that compares the receivingbandwidths of the effective cells received from each of the opticalnetwork units respectively and judges that the cell is in the overflowsituation in the case where the access bandwidth judged by the bandcontroller and the cell receiving bandwidths of each of the opticalnetwork units are the same or approximate. Alternatively, as means fordetecting cell overflow situation in the supervisory unit of celloverflow situation, the present invention can comprise means fordetecting invalid cells received from each of the optical network unitsrespectively and means for detecting cell overflow to judge that thecell is in the overflow situation in the case where the invalid cell wasnot detected.

Furthermore, the present invention provides the ATM communicationapparatus and the bandwidth control method thereof consisting of: anoptical line interface that issues instruction of permission to transmitan upstream cell to a plurality of optical network units according toupstream transmission bandwidths set by each of the optical networkunits respectively that the supervisory controller determined; aplurality of the optical network units that feed ATM cells according topermission to transmit an upstream cell issued by the optical lineinterface; a plurality of the subscriber terminals connected to aplurality of the optical network units respectively; and a supervisorycontroller that registers each of the transmission bandwidths of aplurality of the optical network units for the optical line interface,the optical line interface and a plurality of the opposing opticalnetwork units being connected via the splitter,

the optical line interface comprising: an access line interface thatreceives the ATM cells sent from a plurality of the optical networkunits and multiplexed in the splitter; and a network interface thattransmits the received ATM cells to the network, the access lineinterface receiving the ATM cells sent from a plurality of the opticalnetwork units and performing TDMA control to issue the permission totransmit an upstream cell to each of the optical network units set inthe supervisory controller according to the transmission bandwidth,

the TDMA control technique being applied to the point/multi-pointtransmission system, and comprising the bandwidth management means,wherein traffic situation of the upstream ATM cells sent from aplurality of the optical network units is supervised, the receivingbandwidth status and the cell overflow situation of the effective ATMcells transmitted by a plurality of optical network units are detected,and the access bandwidth of each of the optical network units is judgedrespectively according to the receiving bandwidth status and the celloverflow situation of the effective ATM cells and furthermore the basicbandwidth and the upper-limit bandwidth set by the supervisory unit,

the TDMA controlling technique, which makes judgment on the bandwidth inthe bandwidth controller according to the predetermined supervisoryperiod as its operation timing for managing the bandwidth, comprisingthe theory of: guaranteeing the basic bandwidth that has been determinedfor each of the optical network units set from the supervisorycontroller respectively as its bandwidth judgment theory, anddistributing the shared bandwidth in the range of the upper-limitbandwidth set from the supervisory controller; judging the necessity ofthe bandwidth distribution for each of the optical network unitsrespectively, weighting according to the upper-limit bandwidth set fromthe supervisory controller and performing distribution as thedistribution theory of the shared bandwidth; and judging that thebandwidth distribution is necessary for the optical network unit that isin the cell overflow situation based on the receiving bandwidth and thecell overflow situation were sent by the traffic supervisory unit or forthe optical network units to which the shared bandwidth is set beyondthe basic bandwidth set from the supervisory unit as its judgment theoryof the necessity of the bandwidth distribution on every optical networkunit.

Since the receiving bandwidth and the cell overflow situationtransmitted by each of the optical network units are supervised in thetraffic supervisory unit, the present invention can be applied to asystem only by updating the optical line interface that exists in thestation office without updating the optical network units, in the caseof applying the present invention to the system that is operating theactual service already. Moreover, the minimum cell rate of each of theoptical network units can be guaranteed by assigning the accessbandwidth to each of the optical network units according to the basicbandwidth set from the supervisory controller, and the access bandwidthof each of the optical network units cab be limited by limiting theaccess bandwidth to each of the optical network units according to theupper-limit bandwidth that has been set from the supervisory controller.In the bandwidth controller, the shared bandwidth can be dynamicallyassigned to each of the optical network units respectively bydistributing the shared bandwidth based on the receiving bandwidth andthe cell overflow situation of the ATM cells at every given period.

Furthermore, the shared bandwidth can be distributed fairly based on theregister status by assigning the shared bandwidth according to thereceiving bandwidth and the cell overflow situation of the ATM cells,the basic bandwidth and the upper-limit bandwidth that were set from thesupervisory controller in the bandwidth fair distributor. The sub-sharedbandwidth is corresponded to a Quality of Service (QoS) by dividing theshared bandwidth memory to select the sub-shared bandwidth for each ofthe optical network units, which enables the QoS to share the bandwidthamong the same optical network units. Additionally, in the case where aplurality of the QoS are accommodated by one optical network unit,selection of a plurality of the sub-shared bandwidths for each of theoptical network units allows the bandwidth to be shared among theoptical network units that accommodate the QoS to which the relativesub-shared bandwidth corresponds.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

For a more complete understanding of the present invention and theadvantages thereof, reference is now made to the following descriptiontaken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a system configuration in accordancewith a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a first embodiment of means forsupervising cell overflow at supervisory units of cell overflowsituation 120-1 to n.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a second embodiment of means forsupervising cell overflow at a supervisory unit of cell overflowsituation 120.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing a multi-divided type of bandwidthassignment technique comprising a shared bandwidth memory divided intomulti-shared bandwidths.

FIG. 5 schematically illustrates the concept on transmission bandwidthsegments that are segmented in distributing the access bandwidths toeach of the optical network units in accordance with the presentinvention.

FIG. 6 is a flowchart (1) showing a bandwidth assignment control of abandwidth controller 1100.

FIG. 7 is a flowchart (2) showing a bandwidth assignment control of thebandwidth controller 1100.

FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a point/multipointtransmission system.

FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing assignment of a bandwidth to a basicbandwidth and a sub-shared bandwidth in a bandwidth controller 1100.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Hereinafter, the embodiments of the present invention will be describedin detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. First, a relatedtechnology of the present invention will be explained.

FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing a configuration of thepoint/multi-point transmission system. Hereinafter, referring to thisdrawing, the TDMA bandwidth control method will be described. In thedrawing, this system comprises an optical line interface 1, asupervisory controller 2, optical network units 3-1 to 3-n, subscriberterminals 4-1-1 to 4-n-k and a splitter 5. Furthermore, a constant bitrate register status 520 that the supervisory controller 2 registers foran access line interface 10, transmission buffer status 540 that theoptical network units 3-1 to 3-n send to the optical line interface 1and permission to transmit an upstream cell 560 are shown.

In the point/multi-point transmission system, the optical line interface1 and a plurality of the opposing optical network units 3-1 to 3-n areconnected via the splitter 5. The optical line interface 1 comprises theaccess line interface 10 and a network interface 13. The access lineinterface 10 comprises a transmission signal terminal 11 and a TDMcontroller 550. Furthermore, the TDM controller 550 includes a generatorof permission to transmit an upstream cell 120, a supervisory unit oftransmission request 500 and a bandwidth controller 510. The opticalnetwork units 3-1 to 3-n comprise cell transmission buffers 30-1 to 30-nand TDMA controllers 530-1 to n.

In the optical line interface 1, permission to transmit an upstream cell560 is issued to each of the subscriber terminals in the generator of apermission to transmit an upstream cell 120 according to the constantbit rate register status 520 that the supervisory controller 2registered for the access line interface 10. The optical network units3-1 to 3-n send upstream signals according to the permission to transmitan upstream cell 560. Moreover, the optical network units 3-1 to 3-nnotify the optical line interface 1 of the stored quantity oftransmission buffers 30 as transmission buffer status 540. Thesupervisory unit of transmission request 500 periodically supervisestransmission buffer status 540, sums up the transmission buffer status540 sent from each of the optical network units 3-1 to 3-n, assigns theshared bandwidth and notifies the generator of the permission totransmit an upstream cell 120 of an assignment result.

Next, FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a system configuration inaccordance with a first embodiment of the present invention.

This system comprises an optical line interface 1, a supervisorycontroller 2, optical network units 3-1 to 3-n, subscriber terminals4-1-1 to 4-n-k and a splitter 5. The optical line interface 1 comprisesan access line interface 10, a network interface 13, a transmissionsignal terminal 11 and a TDMA controller 12. The TDMA controller 12further comprises a generator of permission to transmit an upstream cell120, a control table of permission to transmit an upstream cell 130, asupervisory period-timing generator 170, a basic bandwidth assigner1160, a basic bandwidth memory 1170, a shared bandwidth memory 1150 andan upper-limit bandwidth memory 1180. Additionally, what are shown are:register status 21 of a basic bandwidth/an upper-limit bandwidth thatthe supervisory controller 2 registers for the access line interface 10;upstream cells 140-1 to n sent from each of the optical network units;receiving bandwidths of upstream cells 161-1 to n sent from each of theoptical network units that a traffic supervisory unit; cell overflowsituation 162-1 to n of each of the optical network units that thetraffic supervisory unit sent; and a supervisory period timing 171 thatthe supervisory period timing generator generated. A traffic supervisoryunit 100 includes supervisory units of receiving bandwidths 110-1 to nfor supervising receiving bandwidths of upstream cells sent from each ofthe optical network units and supervisory units of cell overflowsituation 120-1 to n for supervising cell overflow situation of each ofthe optical network units. Moreover, a bandwidth controller 1100includes an upper-limit bandwidth limiter 1110 and a fair distributor ofa bandwidth 1120. The optical network units 3-1 to 3-n include celltransmission buffers 30-1 to n.

In this embodiment, the traffic supervisory unit 100 supervises trafficsituation of upstream ATM cells 140-1 to n sent from a plurality of theoptical network units. The bandwidth controller 1100 judges the accessbandwidth of each of the optical network units based on receivingbandwidth status 161-1 to n and cell overflow situation 162-1 to n ofthe effective ATM cells transmitted by a plurality of the opticalnetwork units, which were detected by the traffic supervisory unit 100,and moreover according to the basic bandwidth/the upper-limit bandwidth21 set by the supervisory controller 2. The control table 130 ofpermission to transmit an upstream cell maintains the access bandwidthjudged by the bandwidth controller 1100. The generator 120 of permissionto transmit an upstream cell generates permission to transmit anupstream cell according to the access bandwidth judged by the bandwidthcontroller 1100. A supervisory period-timing generator 170 generates asupervisory period timing 171 according to the predetermined supervisoryperiod timing at which judgment processing on the bandwidth is performedin the bandwidth controller 100. The traffic supervisory unit 100comprises: a supervisory units of a receiving bandwidth 110 fordetecting a receiving bandwidth 161 of the effective ATM cells 140transmitted by the optical network units 3; and a supervisory unit ofcell overflow situation 120 for detecting cell overflow situation 162 ofsending buffers 30 in the optical network units 3.

The bandwidth controller 1100 comprises: a basic bandwidth assigner 1160for assigning the basic bandwidth set from the supervisory controller 2;a basic bandwidth memory 1170 for maintaining the basic bandwidth setfrom the supervisory controller 2; an upper-limit bandwidth memory 1180for maintaining the upper-limit bandwidth set from the supervisorycontroller 2;

a shared bandwidth assigner 1101 for assigning the shared bandwidthbased on the upper-limit bandwidth set from the supervisory controller 2and the receiving bandwidth 161 and the cell overflow situation thatwere sent by the traffic supervisory unit 100; and a shared bandwidthmemory 1150 for maintaining the shared bandwidth assigned. Additionally,the shared bandwidth assigner 1101 comprises: a bandwidth fairdistributor 1120 for assigning the shared bandwidth based on thereceiving bandwidth and the cell overflow situation sent by the trafficsupervisory unit 100 has fed; and an upper-limit bandwidth limiter 1110for limiting the upper-limit bandwidth based on the upper-limitbandwidth set from the supervisory controller.

The traffic supervisory unit 100 detects the receiving bandwidths 161-1to n and the cell overflow situation 162-1 to n from the upstream cellssent from each of the optical network units 3-1 to n respectively tosend them to the bandwidth controller 1100. The shared bandwidthassigner 1101 of the bandwidth controller 1100 detects the receivingbandwidth 161 and the cell overflow situation 162 at the time when thesupervisory period timing generator 170 generates the supervisory periodtiming 171 to judge the shared bandwidth assigned to each of the opticalnetwork units 3-1 to n. The shared bandwidth judged in the sharedbandwidth assigner 1101 of the bandwidth controller 1100 is added to thebasic bandwidth sent by the basic bandwidth assigner 1160 and isregistered as the access bandwidth 150 in the control table ofpermission to transmit an upstream cell 130. The generator 120 ofpermission to transmit an upstream cell issues the permission totransmit an upstream cell to the optical network units 3 according tothe access bandwidth of each of the optical network units 3 registeredin the control table 130 of permission to transmit an upstream cell.

In FIG. 2, the first embodiment of the means for supervising celloverflow at the supervisory units of cell overflow situation 120-1 to nis illustrated. Herein, the supervisory unit of cell overflow situation120-n shows a bandwidth-comparison type of cell overflow detectiontechnique that compares the receiving bandwidth with the permission totransmit an upstream cell, which was set, to judge the overflowsituation. A bandwidth comparator 121 compares the access bandwidth tothe optical network unit n, which was already set for the control tableof permission to transmit an upstream cell 130, with the receivingbandwidth of the effective cell 161-n input from the supervisory unit ofa supervisory receiving bandwidth 110-n to judge the overflow situationin the case where both are the same or approximate. Note that thebandwidth comparator 121 may perform the other appropriate comparisonprocessing to judge the overflow situation.

In addition, in FIG. 3, the second embodiment of the means forsupervising cell overflow in the supervisory unit of cell overflowsituation 120 is illustrated. Herein, the supervisory unit of celloverflow 120-n shows an invalid cell detection type of detectiontechnique cell overflow that judges the overflow situation by detectingthe invalid cell. An invalid cell detector 122 judges the overflowsituation in the case where the invalid cell is not detected in areceiving cell 140.

Next, the second embodiment of the bandwidth controller 1100 isdescribed. FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing a multi-divided type ofbandwidth assignment technique comprising the shared bandwidth memorydivided into multi-shared bandwidths. A shared-bandwidth memory 1150 isconstituted of a plurality of sub-shared-bandwidths memories 1151-1 tom, furthermore a sub-shared bandwidth selector 1140 is provided. In thedrawing, sub-shared bandwidth a selection signal 1130 is shown as adomain register signal of a sub-shared bandwidth 23. The sharedbandwidth assigner 1101 selects any one of a plurality of the sub-sharedbandwidth memories 1151-1 to m with the sub-shared bandwidth selectionsignal 1130. A bandwidth fair distributor 1120 assigns the sub-sharedbandwidth that is to be assigned to the correspondent optical networkunits 3 from the sub-shared bandwidths memories 1151-1 to m selected bythe sub-shared bandwidth selection signal 1130. The supervisorycontroller 2 registers designation of domain assignment for each of thesub-shared bandwidths respectively and the optical network unitsbelonging to each of the sub-shared bandwidths respectively. In theshared bandwidth assigner 1101, the bandwidth fair distributor 1120assigns the shared bandwidth to each of the optical network units 3-1 ton to limit the upper-limit bandwidth.

Hereinafter, the bandwidth assignment technique of the bandwidthcontroller 1100 including this shared bandwidth assigner 1101 and thebasic bandwidth assigner 1160 is described in detail. FIG. 5schematically illustrates the concept on transmission bandwidth segmentssegmented in distributing the access bandwidths to each of the opticalnetwork units in the present invention. A bandwidth division techniquein accordance with the present invention classifies a transmissionbandwidth 600 into a basic bandwidth 630 (hereinafter, referred to asBBW) and a shared bandwidth 610 (hereinafter, referred to as SBW). TheBBW 630 is the sum total of the basic bandwidths 630-i (hereinafter,referred to as BBW (i)) of the whole optical network units ranging from3-1 to 3-n on each of the optical network units 3-i registered by thesupervisory controller 2. On the other hand, the shared bandwidth 610 isthe domain other than the basic bandwidth BBW 630 in the transmissionbandwidth 600. The shared bandwidth SWB 610 is divided into a pluralityof the sub-shared bandwidth domains 620-1 to m (hereinafter, referred toas SBW_1 to m), and each of the sub-shared bandwidth domains SBW J. to m620-1 to m include the shared bandwidth 640-m-i (hereinafter, referredto as EBW_m (i)) that was assigned to each of the optical network unitsbelonging hereto.

Additionally, the dynamical assignment bandwidths of each of the opticalnetwork units can be assigned to a plurality of the sub-sharedbandwidths respectively. For example, in the case where the opticalnetwork unit i is assigned to two kinds of the sub-shared bandwidths,SBW_and SBW_q, the separate dynamical assignment bandwidths of theoptical network unit i become EBW_p (i) and EBW_q (i) respectively.EBW_p (i) shares the bandwidth with the other separate dynamicalassignment bandwidths in SBW_p. On the other hand, EBW_q (i) shares thebandwidth with the other separate dynamical assignment bandwidths inSBW_q. This allows the bandwidth to be shared among the same QoSs, inthe case where a plurality of the QoSs (p and q in this example) areaccommodated in the optical network unit i.

FIG. 6 and FIG. 7 illustrate the flowcharts of the bandwidth assignmentcontrol of the bandwidth controller 1100. The bandwidth assignmenttechnique in accordance with this embodiment is performed in two stages,which are called a primary distribution and a secondly distributionrespectively. Although the flow shown in the drawings represents adivision theory in the sub-shared bandwidth SBW_m, description is madein the name of SWB in the drawing and hereinafter. Reference symbols inthe flow are described. The optical network unit 3 is described in thename of ONT (Optical Network Terminal) in the flow, and hereinafter theoptical network unit 3 is called ONT. BW_R[ONT] is the receivingbandwidth received from the correspondent ONT, and 6 1[ONT] is anidentifying flag which sets a value of 1 for the ONT that requires theprimary distribution and a value of 0 for the ONT that does not requirethe primary distribution. W1[ONT] represents a distribution weight oneach ONT in the primary distribution. TBW[ONT] is the upper-limitbandwidth on each ONT set by the supervisory controller 2. Herein, theupper-limit bandwidth is the uppermost bandwidth that can be assignedfrom the shared bandwidths SBW, and the relation between TBW [ONT] andthe maximum bandwidth PCR[ONT], which can be used by the correspondentONT under the contract, is defined as follows. Note that the maximumbandwidth PCR[ONT] under the contract may coincide or correspond withthe transmission bandwidth.

TBW[ONT] PCR[ONT]−BBW[ONT]

The EBW1[ONT] is the assigned shared bandwidth of the correspondent ONTresulting from the primary distribution. a 2[ONT] is the identifyingflag which sets a value of 1 for the ONT that requires the secondarydistribution and a value of 0 for the ONT that does not require thesecondary distribution. W2[ONT] represents a distribution weight on eachONT in the secondary distribution. 0 EBW is the bandwidth that becomesan assignment resource in performing the secondary distribution.

Hereinafter, an operation is described according to this flowchart. Atfirst, it starts at the time of generating the supervisory period timing171 (S000), and the receiving bandwidths (BW_R[ONT]) and the celloverflow status of all of the ONTs are acquired in the step S010. In thecase where either cell overflow exists or the assigned shared bandwidthEBW[ONT] assigned to the correspondent ONT at the previous period is not0, the primary distribution is judged to be necessary, thus setting1[ONT]=1, and in the case other than this, the primary distribution isjudged not to be necessary, thus setting 5 1[ONT]=0. In the case wherethe ONT that requires receiving of the primary distribution does notexist in the step 5015, the assigned shared bandwidths EBW[ONT]regarding all of the ONTs are set with 0 in the step 5500. In the casewhere the ONT that requires receiving of the primary distributionexists, the distribution weight W1 is calculated on each ONTrespectively in the step S020. The distribution weight W1 is distributedin proportion to the upper-limit bandwidth TBW[ONT]. A calculatingequation for the distribution weight W1, for example, is described asfollows. W1[ONT]=TBW[ONT]×δ1[ONT]/Σ(TBW [ONT]×δ1[ONT]) (1) Σ in theabove-described equation 1 is the total sum on all of the ONTs. Theshared bandwidth assignment to each ONT by the primary distributionaccording to the W1 is as follows.EBW1[ONT]=W1[ONT]×SBW  (2)

Here in the step S030, confirmation on the distribution bandwidth ismade. Firstly, judgment is made according to the cell overflowsituation, and the operation splits to the step 5510 in the case wherecell overflow exists and to the step 5520 in the case where no celloverflow exists. In the step 8510, judgment is made if the assignedshared bandwidth EBW1 [ONT] resulting from the primary distributionexceeds the upper-limit bandwidth TBW [ONT]. In the case where EBW1[ONT]exceeds TBW [ONT], the secondary distribution is impossible, thus thesecondary distribution flag δ 2[ONT] is set at 0, the surplus bandwidthdistributed excessively is set at A EBW[ONT] that is the assignmentresources in performing the secondary distribution, and the EBW1[ONT] isset at the upper-limit value TBW[ONT]. On the other hand, in the casewhere the EBW1[ONT] does not exceed the TBW[ONT], the secondarydistribution is regarded to be necessary for the correspondent ONT inthe step S830, and thus the secondary distribution flag δ 2[ONT] is setat 1.

On the other hand, in the step S520, the primary distribution resultEBW1[ONT]+the basic bandwidth BBW[ONT] and the receiving bandwidthBW_R[ONT] are compared, and in the case where the primary distributionresult EBW1 [ONT]+the basic bandwidth BBW[ONT] exceeds the receivingbandwidth BW_R[ONT], the secondary distribution is regarded to beunnecessary, thus the secondary distribution flag δ 2[ONT] is set at 0,the surplus bandwidth distributed excessively is set at Δ EBW[ONT] thatis the assignment resource in performing the secondary distribution, andEBW1[ONT] is set at the receiving bandwidth BW_R [ONT]—the basicbandwidth BBW[ONT]. On the other hand, in the case where the primarydistribution result EBW1 [ONT]+the basic bandwidth BBW[ONT] does notexceed the receiving bandwidth BW_R[ONT], the secondary distribution isregarded to be necessary for the correspondent ONT, and thus thesecondary distribution flag δ 2[ONT] is set at 1.

On the basis of the secondary distribution flag δ 2[ONT] that was judgedat the above-described steps, in the case where the ONT that receivesthe secondary distribution does not exist in the step S040, the sharedbandwidth EBW [ONT] as the final result is set at the primarydistribution result EBW1 [ONT] in the step S540.

Next, in the case where the ONT that receives the secondary distributionexists, the distribution weight W2 is calculated on each ONTrespectively in the step S050. The distribution weight W2 is distributedin proportion to the upper-limit bandwidth TBW[ONT]. A calculatingequation for the distribution weight W2, for example, is described asfollows.W2[ONT]=TBW[ONT]×δ 1[ONT]×δ 2[ONT]/Σ(TBW[ONT]1[ONT]×δ 1[ONT])×δ2[ONT])  (3) Σin the above-described equation 3 is the total sum on all of the ONTs.The shared bandwidth assignment to each ONT by the secondarydistribution according to the W2 is as follows.EBW2[ONT]=W2[ONT]×ΔEBW  (4)

Here in the step S060 the primary and the secondary distribution resultsare aggregated to calculate the assigned shared bandwidth EBW[ONT] asthe final result.EBW[ONT]=EBW1[ONT]+EBW2[ONT]  (5)

Finally, in the step S070, confirmation of the upper-limit for theassigned shared bandwidth EBW[ONT] is performed with the upper-limitbandwidth TBW[ONT] to restrain the upper limit. The distributed sharedbandwidth EBW[ONT] to the ONT calculated in the above-described steps isset as an output of the shared bandwidth assigner in the step S080.

The flowcharts shown in FIG. 6 and FIG. 7 illustrate the embodiment ofbandwidth distribution in specific sub-shared bandwidths, and next, theoperation will be described for assigning a plurality of the sub-sharedbandwidths.

FIG. 9 is a flowchart illustrating assignment of the bandwidth to thebasic bandwidth and the sub-shared bandwidth in the bandwidth controller1100. The basic bandwidth is assigned preferentially in the step 51000.Next, the shared bandwidth is assigned, and from the step S1010 onassignment priorities are given among the sub-shared bandwidths so thatthe sub-shared bandwidths with a higher assignment priority are assignedpreferentially and in order. Specifically, the sub-shared bandwidths areassigned in order (S1010 to S1012) according to a secondary priority(k=1, 2, 3 . . . ) and the processing finishes when the assignment iscompleted (S1013). In this case, for example, an appropriate memorysection is provided to store a priority in advance, and thus thebandwidth controller 1100 may be constituted so as to refer to thepriority in assigning.

The flowcharts shown in FIG. 6 and FIG. 7 illustrate the embodiment ofdistributing the distribution weight in proportion to the upper-limitbandwidth TBWIONT1. As another embodiment of the distribution method,the bandwidth can be assigned in proportion to the basic bandwidthBBW[ONT] in addition to proportioning it to the upper-limit bandwidthTBW[ONT]. Additionally, it is possible to distribute evenly withoutgiving any priority among a plurality of the ONTs.

Furthermore, as described above, although the technique of assigning thebandwidth always to BBW [ONT] was shown, assignment of the bandwidth canbe related to the receiving bandwidth BW_R [ONT] in another embodimentof BBW[ONT] assignment. Specifically, in the step S010, in the casewhere the receiving bandwidth BW_R[ONT] at the basic bandwidth BBW[ONT]or less, not the BBW[ONT] but BW_R[ONT] is assigned, and the surplusbandwidth BBW[ONT]−BW_R[ONT] can be utilized as the shared bandwidth.Thus the bandwidth can be utilized effectively with the primarydistribution ISBW′=SBW+BBW [ONT]−BW_R[ONTJ J.

The distribution method proportioned to the upper-limit bandwidthTBW[ONT] and the distribution method proportioned to the basic bandwidthBBW[ONT] were shown in the foregoing can be specified on each of thesub-shared bandwidths. Additionally, with regard to the basic bandwidthBBW[ONT], the method of always assigning the bandwidth in a fixed mannerand the method of assigning by relating to the receiving bandwidthBW_R[ONT] were shown. On the other hand, in the present invention, aplurality of the classes of the basic bandwidths can be providedindependently at the same time to allow the method for assigning thebandwidth to specify on each of the basic bandwidths respectively. Inthis case, assignment priorities are given among a plurality of thebasic bandwidths to assign the basic bandwidth with a higher prioritypreferentially. In the case where the basic bandwidths need to bereferred to in each of the sub-shared bandwidths, a specific bandwidthis referred to out of a plurality of the basic bandwidths. In this case,for example, an appropriate memory section is provided to store apriority in advance, and thus the bandwidth controller 1100 may beconstituted so as to refer to the priority in assigning.

The flowcharts shown in FIG. 6, FIG. 7 and FIG. 9 showed an exampleapplied to the system in which the bandwidths are assigned to each ofthe optical network units ONT, which can be applied to the system inwhich a plurality of the subscriber contracts exist in one opticalnetwork unit and a unit of assigning the bandwidth is not assigned toeach of the optical network units ONT but is also independently assignedto each of the subscriber contracts. In that case, it is applied to thesystem in which the permission to transmit an upstream cell is notissued to the optical network unit ONT by the unit, but issued to thesubscriber contract by the unit, and application is possible without anymodification to the foregoing flowchart. In this case, a memory sectionstoring appropriate data necessary for assignment of such as anattribute, an identifier and a priority of each of the subscribercontracts is provided in advance for one optical network unit ONT, andthus the bandwidth controller 1100 may be constituted so as to refer tothe data in assigning.

In accordance with the present invention as described above, it ispossible to provide the ATM communication apparatus and the bandwidthcontrol method thereof that allows the bandwidth control to guaranteeminimum cell rate and to limit the upper-limit, dynamically and fairlydistributes the shared bandwidths based on the register status and canbe easily applied for the system that is already operating the actualservice by comprising means for: supervising the receiving bandwidth andthe cell overflow status on each of the optical network unitsrespectively; guaranteeing the basic bandwidth registered by thesupervisory controller; distributing the shared bandwidth at a ratioaccording to the upper-limit bandwidth registered by the supervisorycontroller; and restraining with the upper-limit bandwidth.

Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have

Been described in detail, it should be understood that various changes,substitutions and alternations can be made therein without departingfrom spirit and scope of the inventions as defined by the appendedclaims.

1. A communication apparatus, which determines sizes of communicationbandwidths which are permitted to a plurality of respective userterminals, issues a permission of transmission of data to the respectiveuser terminals according to the sizes of the communication bandwidths,and receives data from the respective user terminals according to theissued permission of transmission of data, the communication apparatuscomprising: a bandwidth controller which dynamically determines thecommunication bandwidths which are permitted to the respective userterminals; a bandwidth supervisory unit which supervises the datareceived from the respective user terminals, and supervises thecommunication bandwidths which the respective user terminals actuallyuse; a transmission permission issuing unit which respectively issuesthe transmission permission to the respective user terminals accordingto the communication bandwidths which are permitted to the respectiveuser terminals, wherein the bandwidth controller, with respect to thearbitrary user terminal determines: an amount of bandwidth assigned tothe arbitrary user terminal out of a shared bandwidth which is shared bythe plurality of user terminals based on the communication bandwidthwhich is permitted to the arbitrary user terminal by the permission oftransmission issued previous time and the communication bandwidth whichthe arbitrary user terminal actually uses and is supervised by thebandwidth supervisory unit, and a calculated bandwidth which is obtainedby adding the shared bandwidth which is determined to be assigned to thearbitrary user terminal and a basic bandwidth which is guaranteed to thearbitrary user terminal as the communication bandwidth which ispermitted to the arbitrary user terminal next time.
 2. A communicationapparatus according to claim 1, wherein the bandwidth controller, withrespect to the arbitrary user terminal, judges whether the arbitraryuser terminal requires a communication bandwidth larger than thecommunication bandwidth which is permitted to the arbitrary userterminal according to the permission of transmission previously issued,by comparing the communication bandwidth which is permitted to thearbitrary user terminal according to the permission of transmissionissued previous time with the supervised actually used communicationbandwidth.
 3. A communication apparatus according to claim 2, wherein,when the bandwidth controller judges that the arbitrary user terminalrequires the larger communication bandwidth, the bandwidth controllerdetermines to assign a portion of the shared bandwidth which is thecommunication bandwidth shared by the plurality of user terminals withthe arbitrary user terminal.
 4. A communication apparatus according toclaim 1, wherein the bandwidth controller, with respect to the arbitraryuser terminal: calculates an amount of bandwidth which is assigned tothe arbitrary user terminal out of the shared bandwidth, compares thecalculated shared bandwidth with an upper-limit bandwidth which is anupper-limit value of a size of the shared bandwidth which is assigned tothe arbitrary user terminal, and determines the size of the sharedbandwidth as the shared bandwidth to be assigned to the arbitrary userterminal when the calculated shared bandwidth is smaller than theupper-limit bandwidth, and determines the upper-limit bandwidth as theshared bandwidth to be assigned to the arbitrary user terminal when thecalculated shared bandwidth is larger than the upper-limit bandwidth. 5.A communication apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the bandwidthcontroller, with respect to the arbitrary user terminal: calculates asum of the upper-limit bandwidths of the user terminals to which aportion of the shared bandwidth is assigned, calculates a rate that theupper-limit bandwidth of the arbitrary user terminal occupies withrespect to the sum of the upper-limit bandwidths, and calculates aportion of the shared bandwidth which corresponds to the calculated rateas the shared bandwidth to be assigned to the arbitrary user terminal.6. A communication apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the bandwidthcontroller: calculates differentials which are values obtained bysubtracting the upper-limit bandwidth from the calculated sharedbandwidth with respect to the user terminals in which the calculatedshared bandwidth is larger than the upper-limit bandwidth which is setas an upper-limit value of the size to the shared bandwidth to beassigned, calculates the sum of the calculated differentials as asurplus bandwidth, and assigns the surplus bandwidth to the userterminals which require the further communication bandwidth.
 7. Acommunication apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the communicationapparatus further includes: a timer which measures a predetermined timeand notifies the bandwidth controller each time the predetermined timeelapses, wherein the bandwidth controller, upon receiving thenotification from the timer, newly determines the communicationbandwidths to be permitted next time to the respective user terminals.